What personal ending should be written for this or that part of speech? This question often arises among schoolchildren, but only if the last syllable of a word is in an unstressed position. After all, it is in such situations that it is very difficult to hear the letter that should be written at the end. This is especially true for verbs.

General information

This or that personal ending of verbs depends entirely on which conjugation the given word belongs to. Knowing how to correctly identify it, you will never ask such a question again.

Personal standing in shock position

With stressed endings of (personal) verbs, everything is always clear. After all, a letter in this position is heard as clearly as possible and is a test. Here are some examples: follow, boil, create etc. As you can see, all the endings of these words are stressed, that is, they are written in exactly the same way as they are heard (pronounced).

Spelling of unstressed personal verb endings

In the event that the endings of the verbs are in an unstressed position, then it becomes problematic to determine the correct spelling of a particular letter. That is why you need to refer to the relevant rule. It says that all verbs in Russian belong either to the first conjugation or to the second.

Conjugation one

All verbs in the infinitive form ending in -ot, -at, -et, -yat, -yt and -ut belong to the 1st conjugation: melt, dig, wet etc. The personal ending of these words, standing in an unstressed position, has the letter "e".

Here's an example: melt, melt, wet, wet, wet, wet, melt etc. However, in the 3rd person pl. number verbs of the 1st conjugation have the following endings: -ut or -yut. For example, dig, get wet, melt etc.

Second conjugation

All verbs in the infinitive and ending in -it should be assigned to the 2nd conjugation: to saw, to be proud, to pray etc. The personal endings of these words, standing in an unstressed position, have the letter "and".

Here's an example: sawing, sawing, sawing, sawing, proud, proud, pray, pray, pray etc. However, in the 2nd conjugation they have the following endings: -at or -yat. For example: sawing, proud, praying etc.

Exceptions to the rules

Now you know which vowels in the personal endings of verbs should be written if they are in an unstressed position. To do this, you only need to determine the conjugation by putting this part of speech in an indefinite form. However, this rule has its exceptions. Let's consider them in more detail:

• Shave, lay. that these words have -it at the end, they should still be attributed to the 1st conjugation, since this is an exception. Accordingly, their personal endings will have the vowel "e" (-yut, -ut). Here's an example: lay, lay, lay, lay etc.
• Tolerate, offend, see, depend, look, twirl, hate, breathe, hear, drive, hold. Despite the fact that these words have -et and -at at the end, they still belong to the second conjugation, since this is an exception. Accordingly, their personal endings will have the vowel "i" (-yat, -at). Here's an example: offend, see, depend, watch, twirl, hate, breathe, drive, hold etc.

Exception words should be memorized and remembered, since so many students make mistakes in them.

Conjugated words

Knowing the spelling of unstressed personal endings of verbs, you can quickly and easily compose a competent text. However, it should be noted that in the school curriculum of the discipline "Russian Language" special attention is paid not only to conjugations and exception words, but also to such lexical units that are heterogeneously conjugated. These include the following: want to run. Why are they so called? The fact is that in different persons these words can have both the ending of the first conjugation and the second:

• he runs, he wants;
• you run, you want;
• I run, I want;
• they run, they want;
• you run, you want;
• we run, we want.

Summing up

To determine one or another spelling of personal endings of verbs, it is recommended to follow the scheme described below:

1. Determine in what position the ending of the verb is (stressed or unstressed). If in shock, then it should not be checked. If unstressed, it is necessary to continue the analysis.
2. Put the verb in the infinitive (or the so-called indefinite form), and then check its ending. If the word ends in -it, then conjugation. Therefore, it is necessary to write the letter “i” at the end (in the 3rd person plural - -at or -yat). Otherwise, it is necessary to continue the discussion.
3. It is required to check if the given verb is included in the list of exclusion words for -at or -et. If it is included, then it also belongs to the second conjugation, that is, “and” should be written at the end. If not included, then the first conjugation. At its end, you should write “e” (in the 3rd person plural we write -yut or -ut).

§ 1 Definition of conjugation of a verb with a stressed ending

In this lesson, we will learn how to determine the conjugation of a verb with stressed and unstressed endings.

Recall that the verbs of the present and future tenses are conjugated, i.e. change in persons and numbers, while their personal endings change.

There are I and II types of conjugation of verbs.

If the ending of the verb is stressed, then the conjugation is determined by its personal ending. Verbs of I conjugation have endings: -u(-u), -eat(-eat), -ete(-ete), -em(-eat), -ut(-yut); verbs of II conjugation have endings: -u(-u), -ish, -im, -it, -ite, -at(-yat).

For example:

The personal ending of this verb -yat, is under stress.

Therefore, it is a verb of II conjugation.

The personal ending of the verb -ёt, is under stress.

So this is the verb of the I conjugation.

§ 2 Determining the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending

But what if the personal ending of the verb is unstressed?

The conjugation of a verb with an unstressed personal ending can be determined in two ways.

Let's look at the first way.

If the ending of the verb is unstressed, the verb must be put in an indefinite form and the suffix of the indefinite form -t- should be highlighted. Then we highlight the vowel before -т-, which is also a verbal suffix.

For example:

(what to do?) to engage in (suffixes -а-, -т-);

(what to do?) to love (suffixes -i-, -t);

(what to do?) straighten (suffixes -i-, -t-).

If the verb in the indefinite form has the suffix -i- before -т-, then this verb belongs to the II conjugation.

In other cases (when in the indefinite form the verbs have the suffixes -а-, -е-, -я-, o-, -у-, -ы-, etc. before -т-), the verbs belong to the I conjugation.

For example: let's define the conjugation of the verb "pleases".

Let's put the emphasis - pleases.

The stress falls on the vowel a at the root of the word.

The ending of the verb is unstressed.

Let's put the verb "pleases" in an indefinite form: (what to do?) to please.

Let's single out the suffix of the verb of the indefinite form -т- and the suffix in front of it -а-.

The suffix -a- indicates that the verb "pleases" refers to the I conjugation.

There is another way to determine the conjugation of verbs with unstressed personal endings.

To do this, put the verb in the form of 3 l. pl. h.

If the verb in this form has the endings -ut(-yut), then it is a verb of I conjugation. If the verb is in the form of 3 l. plural has the endings -at (-yat) - this is a verb of the II conjugation.

For example: let's define the conjugation of a verb with an unstressed ending "swim".

Let's put the verb in the form of 3 l. plural - they (what do?) swim. The verb swim has the ending -yut. Therefore, the verb float of the first conjugation. Build the verb in 3 liters. plural will have the ending -yat (what are they doing?) are building. Therefore, the verb build is the verb of the II conjugation.

In Russian, there are a number of verbs, whose belonging to a particular conjugation you just need to remember. Verbs belong to I conjugation: shave, lay, to II conjugation: drive, breathe, hold, hear, twirl, look, see, hate, depend, offend, endure.

Verbs with the prefix you- should be especially highlighted: pronounce, run out, cut, etc. This prefix in verbs “pulls” the stress on itself and the ending becomes unstressed.

To determine the conjugation of such verbs, it is necessary to discard the prefix and consider the verb without it.

For example:

pronounce - speak (verb II conjugation), run out - run away (verb I conjugation).

In Russian, there are also verbs with different conjugations: in some forms they have personal endings of verbs of the I conjugation, and in others - II conjugations.

For example:

the verb "want" in the singular has the endings of verbs of I conjugation - I want, you want, he wants, in the plural. - we want, you want, they want - has II conjugation verbs.

Let's summarize the lesson:

When the personal ending of a verb is stressed, the conjugation of the verb is determined by its ending.

In the case when the personal ending of the verb is unstressed, the conjugation of the verb is determined by the suffix before -т in the indefinite form of the verb.

For exception verbs, the conjugation is determined immediately.

List of used literature:

1. Reference manual for the Russian language. O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefedov. ZAO Premiera, 1999.
2. Pourochnye development in the Russian language. HE. Krylova, L.Yu. Samsonov. Exam, M.: 2008.
3. We learn by playing. V. Volina, New school. M.: 1994.
4. We learn Russian with passion. O.E. Zhireiko, L.I. Gaydin, A.V. Kochergin. "5 for knowledge", M.: 2005.

Determine the accent. Specify endings. Name the verbs with unstressed endings.

We live, we drive, we fly, we sing, we fight, we build.

Is it possible to determine the conjugation of verbs with an unstressed ending by ear or by the 3rd person plural? Far from always:

What to do in these cases?

If the verb has an unstressed personal ending, you need:

1. put the verb in the indefinite form. For example: build - build;
2. determine which vowel comes before -t.

II conjugation includes:

1. all verbs in -it (except for shaving, laying)",
2. 7 verbs in -et: endure, twirl, offend, depend, hate, see, look;
3. 4 verbs in -at: hold, hear, breathe, drive. All other verbs (on -et, -at, -ot, -ut, -yt, etc.) belong to the I conjugation.

Reasoning pattern.

1. Stroke..m- I put the verb in the indefinite form: walk. Verb on -it, so it is II conjugation, you need to write at the end and - go.

2. You see..sh- I form an indefinite form: see, verb-exception II conjugation, you need to write and - you will see.

669 . Determine the conjugation of the verbs, put them in the 1st person plural.

Sample. Worry (to -it, II ref.) - anxious [im] sya.

Walk, offend, trust, weed, endure, delay, sow, saw off, ride, fight, lay.

670 . Put these verbs in the indefinite form and form the 3rd person singular and plural. Please note that all forms of the verb must be of the same form..

Sample. I'll jump - jump (to -it, II ref.) - jump [it] - jump [at]; jumping up - jumping up (on -at, I ref.) - jumping up [et] - jumping up [ut]

I'm offended, I'm offended; announce, announce; twist, twist 2; I answer, I answer.

671 . Form verbs with a prefix you-. Label their conjugation.

Note that verbs with prefixes are in the same conjugation as non-prefixed ones..

Sample. We look - look [them], II ref.

You stand, sit, fly, talk, sew, drink.

672 . Determine the verb conjugation. To do this, remove the prefix you-, which takes over the accent. If the verb has an unstressed ending, determine the conjugation by the indefinite form.

Knock out ..t, look ..sh, pasture ..t, burn out ..t, endure ..sh, burn out ..t.

673 . Write down the verbs you will need to tell the story from the pictures. Mark the conjugation of the verbs.

674 . Tell (orally) about how Artyom nailed the birdhouse. Think about how you will talk, in what tone - seriously, jokingly or mockingly. And it depends on your task: let's say you want to entertain, make the audience laugh (maybe you are this Artyom) or you want to show that everything should be done slowly, carefully.

675 . Match the given nouns with verbs that are appropriate in meaning and denote the sounds made by animals. Underline the alternating consonants in the verbs.

1. V..robi 3, v..rona, frog, wolf, bumblebee 1, owl.

Reference: croak, hoot, chirp, howl, buzz, croak.

2. Goose, cat, grasshoppers, chicken.

Reference: to purr, to rumble, to chirp, to cackle.

676 . Choose antonyms. Determine the conjugation and aspect of the verbs. Highlight the personal endings of verbs and prefixes according to the model.

Leaving ..sh, open ..sh, asking ..sh, prod ..et, sad, end.

677 . Dictation with continuation. Put the verbs in the present tense and fill in the missing punctuation marks. Continue the text on the topic “My brother (sister, dad, mom, neighbor) before going to school (to work).” Underline all verbs in the text.

Spring morning. Alarm clock (shudder) (click) lightly and (start) ringing. Behind the walls (to wake up) are other alarm clocks. They call the alarm clocks (hurry up). 4 People (throw off) blankets (stretch).

Reference: hear, see, jump up, ventilate, lay, wash, splash, comb, dress, put on, train, run out, breathe, start, have breakfast.

678 . Write down, highlight the roots in nouns, adjectives and verbs. Mark the conjugation of the verbs. Make up 2 sentences where the subject would be the word birch (birch, birch). Get ready to read this poem expressively.

Everything that is glorious in the song .. is,
Everything that the heart remembers ..
Everything that is dreaming is kind of .. tsya
Away 3 forest, -
sweet beauty,
Affectionate shy
White birch 2
Gift..t me in the spring.

(N. Rylenkov)

679 . E or and? Write down the texts. Underline the verbs in them.

1. The spinner spins all the time .. twirls like a fidget, snoop ..t, murmurs 1, mumbles ..t, rings and foams .. around each stone or fallen trunk of a b..cut, softly singing ..t, talking .. t with itself, whispering .. t and n .. set very clear water along the cartilaginous bottom.

   (K. Paustovsky)

2. The troika rushes, the troika jumps ..t,
   Dust curls from under the hooves;
   Bell 2 crying loudly ..t,
   And laughter..t, and squeals.

(P. Vyazemsky)

680 . Make 4 sentences with homogeneous predicates expressed by verbs in the present tense. Use nouns as subjects thunder, wave, downpour, rain, stream.

Sample. Rain spanks through the puddles drumming on the roofs.

Reference: gr..want, l..sing, murmur, bubbling, gr..brushing, whipping, splashing, b..rattling, knocking, making noise, sound..no, b..rmot etc.

681 . Write off. Underline the verbs related to the words train, he. Mark with numbers above the inserted letters spelling No. 2, 6, 17, 25 (see textbook endpapers). Make sentences with the words given in the box.

Our suburban train departs from the Riga v..zala. Here he is for the last time passing ..t under the street ..chny 3rd bridge and suddenly take off ..t over the trees (?) And houses. Then the train crosses ..t k..nal, min ..t air ..drom, rushes .. over the street ..tsei with trucks, trolleybuses, pedestrians and stops at the square ..tforma suburban station .. .

682 . Consider the drawing. Tell, and then write, what the guys are doing. Underline the verbs, mark their conjugation.

683 . Watch the traffic and people on the street. Write how trams, buses, trucks, trolleybuses, etc. move; how do adults rushing to work, toddlers, groups of schoolchildren, the elderly, etc. Head your text, for example: “On our street in the morning”, “On a sunny (rainy) day outside”, etc. Use verbs , transmitting the speed of movement and the noise arising from it.

Reference: ride, drag, stretch, jump, move, rush, step, march, crawl, rattle, rustle, rumble, mince, trudge, follow ( for whom? why?) etc.

684 . Continue the sentences using verbs (with explanatory words) to characterize a person: 1) strong, strong-willed; 2) timid, insecure.

Georgy says ub..zhdёno, - -.

Asc.

685 . Orally make up a dialogue according to the picture with the title "Violator". Use different verbs with the meaning of the statement ( speak, shout, shout, as well as synonyms placed in the box).

686 . Dictation. Mark the conjugation of the verbs.

1. R..bot and torment..t, and feed..t, and account..t. 4 2. Who loves work ..t, sleep for a long time (not) bud..t. 3. A person from laziness 3 is sicker..t, but from work he is healthy..t. 4. Write .. with a pen - don’t cut it out .. with 2 t .. then. 5. Every r..bot of the master of praise..t.

Verb conjugation is a constant grammatical feature of this part of speech. The article describes how to determine the conjugation of verbs, provides tables with illustrative examples of various conjugation options, and also indicates exceptions to the general rules.

What is verb conjugation

Russian verb conjugation is a system of changing the forms of present tense verbs according to numbers and persons. Verb conjugation refers to the constant grammatical features of a given part of speech. In Russian, there are two main types of conjugations - 1 and 2 conjugation of verbs. According to the rules, conjugation of verbs is determined in two ways:

• According to the stressed personal endings of present tense verbs;
• If the ending of the verb is unstressed, the conjugation is determined by the suffix of the infinitive (indefinite form).

How to determine the conjugation of verbs by personal endings

To determine the conjugation of a verb with a stressed personal ending, it is enough to conjugate the word by numbers and persons. The list of personal endings of verbs 1 and 2 of conjugation with examples is presented in an understandable table of conjugation of verbs in Russian.

How to determine the conjugation of verbs with unstressed endings

To find out the conjugation of verbs with unstressed personal endings, it is necessary to form an indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) and determine the conjugation of the verb by the infinitive suffix.

How to define conjugation? The conjugation rule is studied at school for several hours. However, not every student is able to memorize it without good practice. In this regard, we decided to remind you of what a verb conjugation is. The conjugation rule will also be presented to your attention along with relevant examples.

general information

The definition of this or that conjugation of the verb confuses a fairly large number of people. Especially often this problem occurs during the creation of any written text. And in order not to be considered an illiterate person, the endings of verbs must be written correctly. But for this you need to know all the rules about conjugations.

What is conjugation?

A conjugation is called a grammatical one, which determines its change in numbers and persons, and also dictates which letter should be written in a dubious ending.

In modern Russian, 2 are known which are named respectively: the first and the second. Depending on which of the named words this or that word belongs to, a letter is selected at the end. By the way, do not forget that past tense verbs do not have conjugation. The conjugation rule says that there are no endings in such words that can be doubted.

How to define conjugation

To write a verb correctly, you should constantly remember the rules for conjugations.

So, let's look at them in more detail. In order to find out what conjugation a particular verb has, to determine which particular vowel at its end should be written, you need to look at where the stress falls in the word being checked. In the event that the ending itself is under the stress position, then everything immediately becomes clear with its spelling. This is due to the fact that the vowel is in a strong position, and therefore no doubt should arise.

But what to do if you still need to find out what kind of conjugation this or that word has? The conjugation rule says that it is determined by the vowel itself. Thus, if the letters “e”, “u” or “y” are under stress, then we can safely indicate that the verb being checked belongs to the first conjugation. If a strong position is occupied by "I" or "a", then this is the second conjugation.

Examples of determining conjugations by stressed endings

Here are specific examples to help you remember the rules for conjugations:

• Sleep is an imperfective verb. The emphasis in it falls on the ending -yat. Accordingly, this word belongs to the second conjugation.
• Bear is an imperfective verb. The stress in it falls on the ending -ut. Accordingly, this word refers to the first conjugation.

Verbs with the prefix you-

The conjugation rule described above applies to almost all verbs. However, students often have difficulty with those words that begin with the prefix you-. This is due to the fact that in most cases the emphasis falls on it. Let's give an example: burn out. If you are faced with such a situation, then experts recommend simply discarding this morpheme and considering the word without using a prefix. For example, burn out - burn. The resulting verb has an imperfect form and a second conjugation. Accordingly, the initial word from which it was formed also refers to it.

What if the stress does not fall on the verb ending?

Now you know that for competent writing, you must definitely apply the above rule. Verb conjugation is fairly easy to determine. But if it is problematic for you to do this, then it is recommended to create a table on a separate sheet that will contain all the features of the rule.

So, with those cases when the ending is stressed, as well as with the prefix, we figured it out. But how to determine the conjugation of a verb if its ending is in an unstressed position? In this case, it should be determined by the infinitive. What it is? For those who have forgotten, this term is understood as an indefinite (or initial) one that answers questions such as “what to do?” and “what to do?”.

Examples of determining the 1st conjugation by unstressed endings

If you have a word in front of you, the stress of which does not fall on the ending, then what rule should be applied? Verb conjugation includes many nuances. And in order to correctly write the necessary text, you should know them all.

Consider how the conjugation of verbs is determined, the ending of which takes an unstressed position:

• Draws (what does he do?) - this is an imperfective verb. Quite a lot of students write it with an error, instead of ending -et putting -it (draws). But this is not true. In order to write this word correctly, you should put it in an indefinite form: draws - (what to do?) Draw.
• He will say (what will he do?) - this is a perfective verb. When writing it, it is also easy to make a mistake, instead of ending -et, putting -it (say). To determine which vowel should be used in the last syllable, the given word must be similarly converted into an infinitive: say - (what to do?) say.

So, what gives us such a rule of the Russian language? The conjugation of verbs in this case depends on their initial form. Thus, if the infinitive ends in -yat, -et, -ut, -at, -ot or -yt, then the word being checked belongs to the first conjugation. Accordingly, the personal endings for these words will be as follows: -et, -eat, -et, -eat, -yut, -ut. -y and -y are also possible.

Examples of determining the 2nd conjugation by unstressed endings

Rule 2 of conjugation is similar to the 1st. Let's start with a few examples:

• Walk (what are you doing?) is an imperfective verb. Very often, instead of the unstressed ending -ite, students write -et. In order to write this word correctly, it needs to be put in the initial form: walk - (what to do?) walk.
• Spend (what are you doing?) is an imperfective verb. Instead of ending it with -ite, students mistakenly put -et. For its correct spelling, the verb should also be put in an indefinite form: spend - (what to do?) spend.

Based on these examples, we can safely conclude that the verbs of the 2nd conjugation are those verbs whose initial form ends in -it. In this case, the personal endings of such words will be as follows: -it, -ish, -ite, -im, -yat, -at. -y and -y are also possible.

Exceptions to the rules

All rules have their exceptions. So, the words “to sway”, “to shave”, “to build” and “to lay” must be attributed to the first conjugation, even though in the initial form they end in “-it”. Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: shave - shave, shave; to be founded - to be founded; lay - lay, lay, etc.

Among other things, this rule includes such exception words as “offend”, “watch”, “hate”, “tolerate”, “hold”, “see”, “hear”, “twist”, “depend ”, “breathe”, “drive”. All of the above expressions belong to the second conjugation, even though their infinitives end in -et and -at. Thus, their personal endings will be as follows: drive - drive, hate - hate, offend - offend, hold - hold, see - see, endure - endure, look - look, breathe - breathe, depend - depend, etc.

Features of conjugation of verbs

In addition to the verbs of the first and second conjugations, in our language there are also words with different conjugations. These include the following: "to run", "to want", "to glimpse", "to give" and "honor". Why are they called heterogeneous? The fact is that in some forms of such verbs the endings of the first conjugation are used (more often in the singular), and in others - the second (more often in the plural). Here are some examples:

• he wants;
• you want;
• I want;
• they want;
• You want;
• we want.

As can be seen from the example, a heterogeneous word includes the endings of both the first conjugation and the second.

Ways to remember rules and exceptions

In our native language, there are an incredible number of rules that have no less number of possible exceptions. It should be noted that verb conjugation is one of the most difficult topics to remember in high school. After all, it is not in vain that a large number of theoretical and practical hours are devoted to it. Moreover, in order to greatly facilitate the study of this rule, teachers of literature and the Russian language annually come up with more and more new ways of how to remember the rules for conjugation of verbs. For this, different songs, comic poems, algorithms, tables and diagrams are created. However, the essence of them is the same: it is extremely important to understand the dependence of one or another letter in the verb, which is in an unstressed position, on a letter in an indefinite form. You should also leave in memory a place for 15 exception words.

If you remember these dependencies once and for all, then you can determine the conjugation of verbs even before you start writing it down.

So, let's consider several algorithms for memorization:

• 1st conjugation. It includes all those verbs whose initial form does not end in -it (of course, with the exception of the following exceptions: “shake”, “shave”, “build up” and “lay”).
• 2nd conjugation. It includes all those verbs whose initial form ends in -it (of course, except for the following exceptions: "offend", "look", "hate", "endure", "hold", "see", "hear", " twirl", "depend", "breathe", "drive").

To facilitate the process of remembering such exception words, the following rhyme was specially invented, containing all the necessary information:

To the 2nd yarn

We'll take it without a doubt

All verbs that -IT,

Excluding SHAVING, LAYING.

And also look, offend,

HEAR, SEE, HATE,

Drive, hold, breathe, endure,

And depend, and twirl.