Modal verbs

• Don't have an ending -s in the 3rd person singular present tense. He can do it. He May take it. He must go there. He ought to help him. Need he do it?
• Do not have impersonal forms (infinitive, gerund and participles)

• The interrogative and negative forms of modal verbs are formed without an auxiliary verb: in interrogative sentences, the modal verb is placed before the subject, in negative - it is followed by negation not . Can you do it? May I take it? Must he go there? Ought he to help him? Need he do it? He ought not to help him. He need not do it.
• They do not have a past tense form (except can - could, may - might) and analytical forms (future tense, continuous form, perfect forms and passive voice forms). If necessary, instead of missing forms, use equivalents modal verbs

Combination modal verb with a non-perfect infinitive refers the action to the present or future tense or indicates its simultaneity with the moment of speech, and, conversely, a combination with a perfect infinitive either refers the action to the past or expresses the precedence of the action relative to the moment of speech: I could do it. I could do it(in the present or future). I could have done it. I could do it(but didn't do it).

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verbs that do not have an infinitive, participle, gerund form Verbs that do not take the ending -s, -es in the 3rd person singular Present Indefinite, Verbs after which the infinitive of another verb is used without the particle to They form interrogative and negative forms without auxiliary verb. Must- to must- must I can- She cans- she can They should to study well should study Gary can drive a car _______he drive a car? He ______ not drive a plane Can can

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Can/could

This modal verb has two forms: can - for the present tense, could - for the past. Usage: To express the ability or ability to take an action To express skill in the past To express permission to take an action To express a prohibition to take an action Study these examples She can speak English well but she can "t write it at all Bill and Jenny couldn't come to the party last week. Can we gohome? Yes, you can go You can't speak at the lessons

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C A N

The modal verb can expresses the ability or ability to perform an action. It is usually translated into Russian with the words I can, I can. In the past indefinite tense, it has the form could. He has forms of the future indefinite tense. The verb can is also used to express a real or supposed possibility. This work could be done at once. This work could be done right away.

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Must/mustn't

The verb must is used For the need to perform an action in the present or future To comply with a rule To indicate strong advice To express a prohibition Study these examples I must go. You must be home by 10p.m. You must come and see my new flat. You mustn "t do it.

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SHOULD/ SHOULDDN'T

Used to: Give advice Advise what not to do Advice can be expressed: Why don’t you…? I think it's a good idea I don't think… Study these examples Tom should go to bed earlier ,because he's always tired. You work all the time. You shouldn't work so hard Why don't you go to bed earlier? I think it's a good idea to see it. I don't think it's a good idea to cross the street here.

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M A Y

The modal verb may expresses permission or opportunity to perform an action. It is usually translated into Russian with the words I can, it is possible. In the past indefinite tense, it has the form might. The form of the future indefinite tense does not have. The verb may is also used to express an assumption (with a touch of doubt): Not may not know about it. He may not know about it. (Perhaps he doesn't know about it.)

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Ought

The modal verb ought expresses the moral necessity of an action. It is usually translated into Russian with the words should, should, should, should. It has only the form of the present indefinite tense ought, i.e., it has no past and future forms of indefinite tense. After the modal verb ought, the semantic verb in the indefinite form is used with the particle to

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NEED

The modal verb need expresses the need to perform an action. It is usually translated into Russian with the words need, need. It has only the form of the present indefinite tense need, i.e., it has no past and future forms of indefinite tense: We need talk of this no more. We don’t need to talk about this anymore

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Unlike other modal verbs, the interrogative and negative forms of the modal verb need can also be formed using the auxiliary verb todo in the corresponding form, and the semantic verb in this case is used with the particle to: Need we answer this letter? Do we need to answer this letter? Do we need to reply to this letter?

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SHOULD

The verb should expresses advice, the subjective necessity of an action. It is usually translated into Russian with the words must, follows. Has only one form. should The instructions should be written in clear language. Instructions should be written (should be written) in clear language.

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Modal verbs do not express an action, but an attitude towards it, i.e. the ability, ability, or need to perform an action I can answer your question. He can play the piano. May I come in? – Yes, you may. She must stop eating much. Modal verb

Characteristic features of modal verbs Compare: But: can, may, must But: I can swim. He English well. But: He can speak English well. But: Can he speak English well? He cannot speak English well. speak - spoken - spoken But: can - could -... () may - might -... () must -... () -... () 1. Modal verbs do not have impersonal forms (infinitive, participles , gerund). 2. The infinitive of the semantic verb follows modal verbs without the to particle. 3. Modal verbs do not change in persons and numbers (they do not have endings). 4. Modal verbs form an interrogative and negative form without an auxiliary verb. In the interrogative form, the modal verb is placed before the subject; in the negative sentence, the negative particle not is placed after the modal verb. 5. Modal verbs do not have all tense forms. I like swim.to speaks He doesn't speak English well. does liketo cannot = cant

Meaning and difference in the use of modal verbs can and may She can speak English quite well but she cant write it at all. Modal Verb MeaningTranslation can 1) 2) 3) may 1) 2) 3) My friend can play the guitar well. We can have a good time here. I could not speak English when I first went to school. ability (physical and mental) ability skill can can May I open the window? You may stay at home today. It may rain today. Past tense equivalents could to be able to I shall be able to come in an hour. He was not able to come yesterday. I think they will be allowed to go with us. He was allowed to miss classes yesterday. might request (in interrogative sentences) permission (in affirmative sentences) it is possible to assume, uncertainty may be, perhaps to be allowed to obtain permission am / is / are able (to) can (t), can (t), can was / were able (to) could (whether), could (whether), was (and) in a state will be able (to) can, will be able to am / is / are allowed (to) (to anyone) was / were allowed (to) (to) was allowed to be allowed (to) (to) was allowed Was he able to come yesterday? Will you be able to come in an hour? Was he allowed to miss classes yesterday?

The meaning and use of the modal verb must I must go home now. Modal verb Meaning Translation must 1) obligation, necessity 2) prohibition (in negative sentences) must, must, must not You must be hungry. Past tense equivalents Netto have (to) He must not do it. - He can't do that. He shouldn't do this. 3) probability (except for interrogative and negative sentences and sentences expressing future action) But: If there is no need, instead of mustnt, you should use neednt (not necessary) should be, probably You neednt translate the text. – You do not need to translate the text. Note: In the interrogative and negative form, the equivalent to have (to) is used with the auxiliary verb do in the correct tense. I had to read the book again. you have to read the book again. He have to read the book again.did not Did have to has to had to - had to will have to - have to Must I go there? - No, you needn't.

If it is not clear in the sentence who performs the action, then the pronoun one acts as the subject, and the entire sentence is translated into Russian as an indefinite personal sentence. Remember: One can One may One must One must not One neednt Translate into Russian: One can easily do it. It can be done easily. One may go home now. Now you can go home. One must know it. It needs to be known. One mustn't miss classes. You can't skip classes. One needn't hurry. No need to hurry.