Georgian language (ქართული ენა; kartuli ena) - the most important language in the Caucasian group of languages. The Caucasian group of languages ​​is divided into three language families: South Caucasian or Kartvelian, Northeastern and Northwestern. They are very diverse. Strabo (Greek historian and geographer ) wrote that in I century BC in the region of Dioscuria (Sukhumi) alone, the Romans needed at least 70 translators. In Dagestan alone there are 14 nationalities and 29 languages, so it is not surprising that the name of the Caucasus comes from the Arabic phrase “mountain of languages.”

The Georgian alphabet has 5 vowels and 28 consonants, and is unlike any other alphabet in the world. Georgia had its own written language back in III century BC, but it was supplanted by Greek and Aramaic writing. The modern alphabet began to develop with the advent of the Christian faith in the country and was already in use in 450. The first literary work, “The Martyrdom of the Holy Queen Shushanik,” was written by Y. Tsurtaveli between 476 and 483. IN XII century, Shota Rustaveli wrote a poem in verse, “The Knight in the Skin of a Tiger.” There are no genders in the Georgian language, and there are no capital letters in the Georgian writing system.

The majority of the adult population in large cities of Georgia speak Russian. Young people often understand and speak English well. In mountainous areas, in small villages, the local population speaks only Georgian.

When going on a Georgia tour, you can purchase tourist phrasebooks of the Georgian language and learn basic phrases for communication. I will list some phrases below in a short dictionary.

Brief dictionary

Numerals

The above phrases and words may be useful to you in conversation during your visit to Georgia. However, for a more comfortable stay in Georgia, we recommend that you use our services. All services in the format “Georgia tours” and “Georgia excursions” company Rainbow Georgia // provides in Russian, English and, upon request, in French.

THERE ARE A LOT OF INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE:
1. The Georgian language changed its alphabet three times. The modern alphabet became widespread in the 9th century and is known as mkhedruli - “military”. It has 33 letters, but there were 38.
2. There are only five vowels in the Georgian alphabet.
3. In the Georgian language there is no division between masculine and feminine gender. One
and the same pronoun can mean “he”, “she”, “it”.
4. There is no capitalization in Georgian writing; even names are written
with a little one.
5. The Georgian alphabet is one of the few in the world, the number of letters in which coincides with
number of sounds.
6. But there are as many as three letters “k”, two letters “c”, two letters “p”, two letters “t”, two
the letters "x". How to distinguish and pronounce them is a different story!
7. When meeting, during greeting, all Georgians kiss each other on the cheek: and
men and women.
8. By the end of surnames you can determine which region of Georgia the person comes from
person: -ava (e.g. Sichinava - Western Georgia), -iani (e.g. Avaliani - Svaneti),
-ia (eg Samushia – Mingrelian), -shvili, -dze (eg Sabashvili, Meladze – Kartaliniya,
those. Central Georgia or Eastern).
9. Lobio (ლობიო) – this is the only way they call “beans” in Georgia.
10. Only in the Georgian language “mom” is “deda” (დედა), and “dad” is “mom” (მამა).
11. Georgian is the language of very polite people, so any appeal to
to a stranger begins with an apology: “sorry” (mapatiet), “sorry”
(ukatsravad or bodishi).
12. In the Georgian language, in response to “thank you” (madlob), “arapers” always sounds, which in
literally translated it means “you’re welcome”!
13. The well-known word “mtsyri” means “junior clergy, novice.”
14. Greetings in Georgian still retain the imprint of warlike
Georgia's past:
Good morning! - Dila mshvidobisa! (lit. Peaceful morning!)
Good evening! – Saghamo mshvidobisa! (lit. Peaceful evening!)
there is a simplified (youth version) - Hello! (Salami).
Hello! - Gamarjoba! (lit. Victory to you!)
Goodbye! - Mshvidobit! (lit. Be in peace!)
Bon Voyage! - Gza mshvidobisa! (lit. Peaceful Road!).
15. In English, the words Georgia and the name of the state of Georgia sound the same
(Georgia).
16. Most of the borrowed words in the Georgian language are taken from Persian,
Arabic, Turkish and Greek languages.

Georgia is probably one of the most congenial countries for tourists from the former post-Soviet Union. Here you are will definitely try understand and help, treat you or give you a ride to the right place.

In Georgia, a tourist will hardly be able to feel any language barrier when communicating with the local population. In extreme cases they will come to the rescue ordinary passers-by and will answer any questions with a smile.

And yet, let's find out in more detail about features Georgian national language. In particular: what is better to learn in advance, what language to communicate with different age groups, etc.

What is the language in Georgia?

The official state language is, of course, Georgian. It contains signs on shops and supermarkets, menus in restaurants and cafes, bus routes, signs.

But still, get scared in advance tourists not worth it. Firstly, next to the inscription in Georgian In many cases should be translated into Russian or English (especially in popular ones). Secondly, the population is older knows well Russian language, and young people also speak English. Therefore, in 99% of cases, there will definitely be a person nearby who will understand everything.

What is worth knowing about the Georgian language?

Understand Georgian almost impossible. From the outside it may seem that people are arguing, although in fact they will communicate peacefully. All because Georgians, in our opinion, very emotional.

The Georgian language is quite difficult for foreigners and it's hard to learn, - this is how Maria (a tour guide to the Prometheus Cave and temples) answered my question about the possibility of learning their language.

In total, it contains 33 letters, 5 of which are vowels, which, nevertheless, are pronounced rather dryly. Words are written the same way they are heard, but... same height(in the sense of not capitalizing names, titles, etc.)

Will they understand you in Georgia?

The bulk of the Georgian population understands and even communicates well in Russian, because until recently it was officially taught in schools. Recently, the number of educational institutions where students continue to study in the Russian language program decreased significantly.

But nevertheless, we hasten to please those who decide to move to Georgia with a child: You you'll definitely find a school with the language familiar to the baby.

As you can see, on the sign in Batumi, attractions are indicated in two languages ​​- Georgian and English, as well as on most local products.

We have personally met people who have already many years live in the country without ever fully learning Georgian and feel great here. They work in official jobs, understand everything that the “native locals” say, but communicate mostly in Russian.

This is not surprising, because much tied to tourism. Therefore, at the same time, people try, at the very least, to learn the language of the majority of travelers (sometimes just to feed their family).

I had to come across complete misunderstanding on the part of the no longer young Georgian drivers, who point-blank pretended that they did not understand Russian (or maybe they really did not understand?). Then passengers came to our rescue, who not only explained where the attraction we are interested in is located, but also spent a little time To the point, for which I thank them very much.

In the end we did obvious conclusion: The main thing is not to panic. In any case, in Georgia you will find support and understanding, if not from those to whom you turned, then from random people.

Will knowing English save me in Georgia?

If you communicate with young people, you may encounter with the problem of misunderstanding Russian language. In this case, it will come to the rescue English.

In Georgia we not once I had to communicate with the local population and tourists in English. The most striking example comes to mind in a minibus traveling from the Tbilisi bus station to a small town in the south of the country, not far from the border with Turkey. There, a young woman, a local resident, addressed us: first in Georgian, and then, when she saw our bewilderment, in English. We talked for a long time, telling her our observations and impressions of what we saw in the country.

Sometimes, minibus drivers don't know, do not understand or cannot answer you in either Russian or English. As the owner of the hostel where we lived in Tbilisi explained to us, such drivers come from tiny villages. They fundamentally do not want (and are not ready) to spend time learning the Russian language. In this case, feel free to contact your fellow travelers. They will help, verified personally.

Communication with Georgians: how to win people over?

Communicate with Georgians nice and easy. They are constantly trying to treat you to something, recommend something useful, or tell you about what they think is most interesting.

Walking along the embankment, especially in the area of ​​​​the sea terminal, you will definitely be approached by several, ready for a certain amount take a ride to a nearby city, and in some cases, even to another part of the country. All of them - open, smiling people. We didn’t hear even an ounce of negativity from any of the taxi drivers.

We even had a funny conversation with one of the drivers. As a result, he rendered a verdict that we were good tourists (since everything he offered had already been seen).

A few phrases in Georgian that will definitely come in handy

I think no one will object to the fact: a tourist who knows a few useful words in the language of the country in which it is located, always a welcome guest/customer in any home/shop.

This trick also works in Georgia. Local at first they are surprised, and then answer with a smile or correct your pronunciation (if they managed to get to know each other well enough).

Below we have posted several popular words and phrases that, in our opinion, will be useful to every tourist.

Let’s add a couple more words that we think are interesting. for general development: mother - grandfather; father - mother.

Georgians are the most friendly and hospitable nation

During all our travels around the world, it became a real discovery for us. We have never met so many friendly, hospitable, welcoming and simply wonderful people. To tell the truth, I really didn’t even want to leave Georgia.

We wrote a separate article about local residents, their behavior, traditions and everyday life. We sincerely hope to visit our Caucasian friends more than once.

As for frequently asked questions about the safety of coming to the country of the fair sex on your own, we boldly answer: come! Georgian men, despite their emotionality, are well-mannered and restrained. They will not “pursue” you unless you give them a reason to do so.

Useful links and interesting information:

• Grocery stores or does it make sense to save on food in Georgia?
• Holidays in Georgia in summer. What you should pay attention to?

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