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| The imperative mood expresses a request, order, or advice. Spanish Grammar in Songs: Modo Imperativo Imperative Verbs in Spanish |
In Spanish, an order to do something and an order not to do something are formed in completely different ways. The imperative mood expresses a request, order, or advice. For example: - Come to visit. (this is how you can say to one or several people as you, to several people as you). - (let's) Let's get off at this stop! - Try the salad. - Write more carefully. - Open the window. There are not six forms of the imperative mood, but five. This is us, you, you, you and the plural you (nosotros, tú, vosotros, Usted, Ustedes). The forms for the affirmative imperative ("do") and the negative imperative ("don't do") are different. The most commonly used forms are the 2nd person (you, you). Precisely 2nd person forms affirmative and negative imperatives vary. The remaining forms coincide with the presente de subjuntivo. Basic rule of educationThe stem of the verb in 1 l is taken as the basis to which the endings will be added. units in Presente de Indicativo. For example, we want to say “open”. We take the verb, remember how to say “I open”: abro. We take the basis from here, i.e. "abr". We add the ending “e” and get “abre”, i.e. "open." If the verb is deviating, for example, (to close), then the form “I close” will be “cierro”. Those. the basis for the formation of the imperative mood will be “cierr”: cierra (close), cierre (close), cerremos (let’s close), cerrad (close), cierren (close). At the same time, as in other tenses, in the forms nosotros (we) and vosotros (you) the root vowel changes not happening. So, if the verb is deviating, then the deviations are preserved in the imperative mood: empezar - empieza (begin); oír - oiga (listen). A personal pronoun is never used. Exceptions - Irregular FormsAs always, there are few irregular verbs, but they are all basic. Forms for 2nd liter. units ("You"):
A few more verbs:
Reflexive verbsReflexive particles, as well as unstressed pronouns of the dative and accusative case Always are put after affirmative imperative and are written together. With a negative imperative, case or reflexive pronouns are placed before verbs and are written apart. Canta una canción a Juán. / No cantes a Juán ninguna canción. Cántasela. / No se la cantes. Cantale una canción. / No le cantes ni una canción. Cantala a Juán. / No la cantes a Juán. In the form vosotros the final consonant d is lost (the verb irse is an exception to this rule):
Examples of Spanish phrases in the imperativeCorre! Run! Se intelligente. Be smart. Hablad alto - speak loudly. - ¡No hables! - do not say. No comas eso, no está bueno. - don't eat this. No trabaje tanto. - don't work so much. No bebais vino, sois muy pequeños. - don't drink wine - ¡No hablen tan alto! - don't talk so loudly. Conjugation of the verb quererLa hora de pasearJuana y sus hermanos están en casa, Juana escribe una carta a Juan. José el hermano de Juana lee un libro de Azorín. El padre de Juana habla con el abuelo. Entra la madre de Juana y pregunta: - ¿Por qué no coméis las frutas? ¡Come, padre!, ¡comed hijos! Juana termina la carta y dice: Tengo una idea, escribid todos a Juan. Escribe tú, con esto basta - dice la madre. De improviso José grita: Mañana nos levantamos temprano con el sol y vamos todos a pasear. Estás loco - dice Juana - no quiero levantarme con el sol, me gusta dormir por la mañana, la mañana es para dormir, levántate con el sol tú si quieres, yo no. - ¿Pero por qué quieres levantarte con el sol? - pregunta la madre. Porque el maestro Azorín dice, que para ver la ciudad... Escucha, escuchad todos. Y José lee: - „Cómo expresar con palabras sencillas el encanto que las cosas - un palacio, una calle, un jardín - tienen a ciertas horas. Levantaos con el sol. A esta hora la luz refleja en las paredes con claridades desconocidas; Los árboles poseen tonalidades de color y de líneas que no vemos en otras horas. Si estáis en Santander, si sois artista, pasead por la calle Blanca. La calle Blanca es una calle estrecha, torcida, formada por dos líneas de casas altas y viejas, llenas de tiendas en los pisos bajos... pasead, pasead por la calle Blanca...” Vocablos
ExplanationsMeaning of the word queWhat is it? What is this? el encanto que las cosas tienen... the beauty that objects have... líneas que no vemos... lines we won't see el muchacho que vemos... the boy we see dice que... he says that... ¿Qué - What? with an accent mark (acento) in the meaning of an interrogative pronoun is always used before verb. Que - which one; which without an accent mark is a relative pronoun and is usually placed directly after noun. Word que without stress, acting as a relative pronoun, in Spanish it does not change in gender and number. But in Russian, unlike Spanish, it is translated in accordance with the gender and number of the noun standing in front of this pronoun, for example: el muchacho que veo... the boy I see la muchacha que veo... the girl I see Que without emphasis in the meaning of the conjunction - What costs Always after a verb, for example: dice que va al cine he says he is going to the cinema. Remember the expressions: la hora de pasear walking time levantarse con el sol get up at dawn por la mañana in the morning, early si(no accent) if, if si(with emphasis) Grammar1. Imperative mood (modo imperativo)In Spanish, the 2nd person singular and 2nd person plural forms of the imperative mood are formed from the stem of the indefinite form of the verb of the corresponding conjugation using the following endings: for verbs of I conjugation -a And -ad 2. Imperative mood of reflexive verbs
When conjugating reflexive verbs in the imperative mood, personal pronouns te And os, performing the function of addition, Always are worth after the verb and write with him seamlessly, For example: wash, wash ¡lávate! (tú) wash yourself! wash your face! ¡lavaos! (vosotros) wash yourself! wash your face! Reflexive verbs in the plural imperative mood. numbers lose letter d - ¡lavaos! It must be remembered that personal pronouns me, te, se are unstressed personal pronouns and are used with reflexive verbs in accusative case to convey the reflexive meaning of the conjugated verb. 3. Verb conjugation quererQuiere una manzana He wants an apple. Quiere a María. He loves Maria. Verb querer love, want, refers to individual conjugation verbs. The deviation from the usual conjugation occurs in the present tense and in the imperative mood. Vowel e verb stems querer just like a verb comenzar, under stress is replaced by the diphthong ie. Exercises I. Translate into Russian ( use a dictionary if necessary): - ¡Levántate, José! - dice Juana. El sol se levanta ya. - Hoy es domingo, ¿por qué levantarme con el sol? - Porque así aconseja el maestro Azorín. Pero José no se levanta...Todos van a pasear y regresan a casa a las nueve, pero José está en la cama. - José no es artista - dice Juana. - ¿Por qué? - Porque no quiere ver los colores de las casas, de los árboles, de la calle donde vivimos... - Mamá, Juana está loca. Yo quiero el desayuno. - Sobre la mesa hay manzanas. Come una manzana, bebe un vaso de té y espera. Esperad todos. El domingo el desayuno es a las diez. II. Translate into Spanish: I'm waiting for coffee - says Jose. Why don't you drink the coffee that's on the table? What's in the cups? There is milk in the cups that are on the table. The colors we see in the morning are not seen in the evening. Things we see in shops on the street ( verbatim: streets) Belaya, always good. III. Translate into Spanish: You study at home today - says Juana Jose - you are sick. - I want to go to university. I have a lot of work. Mom, dad, talk to Jose. He is sick and wants to go to university. - Jose, have breakfast (eat breakfast). Today you will not go to university. Call Maria, and buy some good wine along the way. They knock (knock) on the door. Look who's there? This is Maria. Sign in. Would you like some coffee? Yes. Want. Regular verbs:
Features of forms of the affirmative imperativeForms of the 2nd person singular tú coincide with 3rd person singular forms el, ella, usted presente de indicativo:
To form a shape vosotros you need to take away the final -r infinitive and add -d. This applies not only to regular verbs, but also to irregular and individual ones - form vosotros correct for all verbs without exception:
Forms usted, ustedes are the same in the affirmative and negative imperatives, the same form for present tense verbs of the subjunctive mood presente de subjuntivo. (It is believed that the imperative borrowed these forms from the present subjunctive presente de subjuntivo.) However, for better understanding and assimilation, they will be repeated in the conjugation paradigms imperativo negativo and presente de subjuntivo:
Imperative form nosotros translated as let's do something:
This form is often replaced by a synonymous verb construction vamos a+ infinitive:
Personal pronouns of the dative and accusative cases are placed after the affirmative form of the imperative and are written together with it. If necessary, to maintain the correct sound, the graphic accent mark tilde is placed:
Affirmative imperative of pronominal verbs:
Features of conjugation of pronominal verbsReflexive particles are attached to forms of the affirmative imperative, written together with the verb, and if necessary, a fixed emphasis is placed:
Form nosotros loses a consonant -s before the return particle:
Form vosotros loses a consonant -d before the return particle:
Exception:
Affirmative imperative of irregular verbs:
Peculiarities: 1. the root vowel in the form changes nosotros: -e → -i in groups III and IV:
2. the root vowel in the form changes nosotros: -o → -u in group V:
Spelling changes:
Some important individual conjugation verbs:
*Note. Vayamos not used in colloquial speech, replaced by vámonos lets go. For other verbs of individual conjugation, see “Table of verbs of individual conjugation”. Features of useThe affirmative imperative expresses an impulse to perform some action, and is also used to make requests and issue orders:
The form of the affirmative imperative can be replaced by other grammatical forms: 1. preposition A+ infinitive:
Only the infinitive can be used, especially on signs and advertisements:
2. Futuro simple:
3. Presente de indicativo:
Affirmative imperativeImperative- this is the same asimperative mood . Remember these two synonymous terms, we will use them quite often. Imperative mood - these are verb forms with which we convey orders to perform some action. Look at examples from the Russian language: bring, do, leave, eat, lie down, don't run, don't come, etc. How do you say all this in Spanish?
Verbs of all three conjugations (in -ar, -er And -ir) will be conjugated differently. 1st conjugation
II conjugation
III conjugation
You need to say: prep a ra, trabaj a d, c o mpren, h a ble, escrib a mos (regular stressed vowels are underlined and highlighted in blue). Also try not to confuse faces vosotros, Vd. And Vds. Always think about who you are talking to -to friends, to some lord or lords.
They usually don't say:
entra tú, trabajad vosotros. Usually they say simply: entra, trabajad. Here we can draw a parallel with the Russian language. However, pronouns Vd. And Vds. very often used with the corresponding forms of the imperative mood: Pase Vd. (come on in); lean Vds. este artículo (read this article), etc. Exclamation marks are placed in sentences with the imperative mood when they want to add an exclamation to a phrase: ¡Corre! - Run! But this is a completely optional attribute of the imperative.
Poems are a good option for studying grammar, since there you can find many examples of verbs changing by tense, because in poetry the action develops in time and poets use the whole variety of tenses. Today we'll talk about the imperative mood in Spanish. Want to speak Spanish? Sign up for new , with a native speaking teacher or go . Imperative mood(Modo Imperativo) is used to tell someone something directly or to express a command. The following example is taken from a poem by Mariano Melgar, a Peruvian poet best known for his famous poetic love songs known as yaravíes. We can see here the informal form (in English) of the affirmative imperative ( Imperativo afirmativo). Vuelve, que ya no puedo
Come back, I can't Salva tu mejor prenda
Keep your best clothes Affirmative imperative(Imperativo afirmativo) for tú is identical to the indicative mood (Indicativo) of the third person singular in the present tense. For other persons, the verb is formed using the following endings: To form the negative form of the imperative mood, we use the second person singular in the Presente de Subjuntivo (present tense, subjunctive mood). The pronoun is omitted. Imperative mood (Imperativo) with reflexive verbsIn the affirmative form, reflexive pronouns (Pronombres reflexivos) are combined with the imperative form (Imperativo). For example: Quédate aquí. Remember that you will need to put an accent mark on the verb. In the negative form, the reflexive pronoun will appear before the verb: No te quedes sin labios don't be left without lips This poem is called No Those Saves(“Don’t save yourself” or “Don’t play it safe”) contains several examples of the negative imperative (Imperativo Negativo) with reflexive verbs. Its author is the famous Uruguayan poet Mario Benedetti. Imperative mood with object pronouns Pronouns do not always come before the verb. Instead, the pronouns change their position depending on whether the command is positive or negative. In affirmative commands object pronouns are connected directly to the ending of the imperative form of the verb (Imperativo). The resulting words are usually stressed in order to preserve the sound of the basic (original, before change) form of the verb. Here's an example: Hostígame en la sangre, que cada cosa cruel sea tú que vuelves.
No me pierdas como una música fácil, no seas caricia ni guante;
In negative commands object pronouns come before the verb and follow the usual grammar rules for Spanish pronouns. Since such pronouns are separate words, no additional emphasis is required. No me importa ignorarte en pleno día, When both direct object pronouns and object pronouns are combined, the object pronouns of the indirect object (complemento indirecto) always come before the object pronouns of the direct object (complemento directo). For example: We are talking Compártelo, in which the object pronoun is an indirect object te comes before the direct object pronoun lo. The poem above Encargo(Petition), owned by El Nombre Innombrable, from the book Salvo el Crepúsculo, written by the Argentinean Julio Cortázar. Although this is not the genre he is best known for, his poetry is absolutely beautiful, stunning and captivating. |
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